End and Beginning
On the Generations of Cultures and the Origins of the West
Civilization, western, history
Civilisation occidentale
Cultuurgeschiedenis
Civilization, western
Western Civilization
Another topic of interest for Borkenau was engaging in an intellectual critique of Toynbee and Oswald Spengler's work about when and why civilizations weaken and end. The latter critique was published posthumously by his friend, Richard Löwenthal. In his book, Borkenau drew a distinction between the…
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